VAX/VMS Virtual Memory: Page Replacement

The page table entry (PTE) in VAX contains the following bits: a valid bit, a protection field (4 bits), a modify (or dirty) bit, a field reserved for OS use (5 bits), and finally a physical frame number (PFN) to store the location of the page in physical memory. The astute reader might note: no reference bit! Thus, the VMS replacement algorithm must make do without hardware support for determining which pages are active.

The developers were also concerned about memory hogs, programs that use a lot of memory and make it hard for other programs to run. Most of the policies we have looked at thus far are susceptible to such hogging; for example, LRU is a global policy that doesn’t share memory fairly among processes.

ASIDE: EMULATING REFERENCE BITS

As it turns out, you don’t need a hardware reference bit in order to get some notion of which pages are in use in a system. ...